Base32 Encode/Decode

How Base32 works

• Grouping: input bytes are processed into 5-bit groups; every 5 bits map to one character.
• Alphabet: RFC 4648 uses A–Z and 2–7 (32 symbols); output is uppercase by spec.
• Padding: output length is a multiple of 8; = is appended when needed.
• Whitespace: spaces/newlines are often ignored during decoding.
• Purpose: representation for text channels; not encryption or compression.